FloraPulse Research Library

Research Library

The 335 sources the FloraPulse crop irrigation guidance rests on — 115 peer-reviewed papers plus university extension, industry and vendor guidance. 334 citations are verified against the Crossref or DataCite registry, the live document, or the publisher's record (as of 2026-08-28), marked ✓. Each entry links the crops whose guidance cites it; the crop pages carry the specific finding each source contributes.

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335 of 335 sources shown

Peer-reviewed research (115)

  1. Adams, D.O. (2006). Phenolics and Ripening in Grape Berries. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 57(3), 249-256. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  2. Ahumada-Orellana, L.E., Ortega-Farías, S., Searles, P.S. & Retamales, J.B. (2017). Yield and water productivity responses to irrigation cut-off strategies after fruit set using stem water potential thresholds in a super-high density olive orchard. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1280. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  3. Almeida, R.P.P. et al. (2013). Ecology and management of grapevine leafroll disease. Frontiers in Microbiology, 4, 94. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  4. Aybar, V.E., De Melo-Abreu, J.P., Searles, P.S., Matias, A.C., Del Río, C., Caballero, J.M. & Rousseaux, M.C. (2015). Evaluation of olive flowering at low latitude sites in Argentina using a chilling requirement model. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 13(1), e0901. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  5. Bennett, J. et al. (2005). Influence of defoliation on overwintering carbohydrate reserves, return bloom, and yield of mature Chardonnay grapevines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 56(4), 386-393. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  6. Berenguer, M.J. et al. (2006). Tree irrigation levels for optimum chemical and sensory properties of olive oil. HortScience, 41(2), 427-432. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  7. Blundell, R. & Eskalen, A. (2022). Biological and chemical pruning wound protectants reduce infection of grapevine trunk disease pathogens. California Agriculture, 75(3-4), 128-134. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  8. Calabritto, M., Mininni, A.N., Di Biase, R., Petrozza, A., Summerer, S., Cellini, F. & Dichio, B. (2025). Physiological and image-based phenotyping assessment of waterlogging responses of three kiwifruit rootstocks and grafting combinations. Frontiers in Plant Science, 16, 1499432. ✓
    Cited in: kiwifruit
  9. Calabritto, M., Mininni, A.N., Di Biase, R., Pietrafesa, A. & Dichio, B. (2024). Spatio-temporal dynamics of root water uptake and soil-moisture thresholds for precision irrigation in a Mediterranean yellow-fleshed kiwifruit orchard. Frontiers in Plant Science 15:1472093. ✓
    Cited in: kiwifruit
  10. Calderón-Orellana, A. et al. (2025). Late Water Deficits Improve Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency, Fruit Maturity, and Acceptability in Yellow-Fleshed Kiwifruit cv. Soreli. Plants 14(18):2843. ✓
    Cited in: kiwifruit
  11. Calderón, R., Lucena, C., Trapero-Casas, J.L., Zarco-Tejada, P.J. & Navas-Cortés, J.A. (2014). Soil temperature determines the reaction of olive cultivars to Verticillium dahliae pathotypes. PLOS ONE, 9(10), e110664. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  12. Carr, M.K.V. (2013). The water relations and irrigation requirements of macadamia: a review. Experimental Agriculture 49(1):74-90. ✓
    Cited in: macadamia
  13. Caruso, G. et al. (2014). Effect of different irrigation volumes during fruit development on quality of virgin olive oil. Agricultural Water Management, 134, 94-103. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  14. Casanova, L., Corell, M., Suárez, M.P., Rallo, P., Martín-Palomo, M.J. & Morales-Sillero, A. (2019). Bruising response in 'Manzanilla de Sevilla' olives to RDI strategies based on water potential. Agricultural Water Management, 222, 265-273. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  15. Casassa, L.F. et al. (2015). Regulated Deficit Irrigation Alters Anthocyanins, Tannins and Sensory Properties of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes and Wines. Molecules, 20, 7820-7844. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  16. Castellarin, S.D. et al. (2007). Transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in ripening fruits of grapevine under seasonal water deficit. Plant, Cell & Environment, 30, 1381-1399. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  17. Castellarin, S.D. et al. (2007). Water deficits accelerate ripening and induce changes in gene expression regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in grape berries. Planta, 227, 101-112. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  18. Chartzoulakis, K., Therios, I., Misopolinos, N. & Noitsakis, B. (1995). Growth, ion content and photosynthetic performance of salt-stressed kiwifruit plants (cv. 'Hayward'). Irrigation Science, 16, 23-28. ✓
    Cited in: kiwifruit
  19. Choné, X. et al. (2001). Stem water potential is a sensitive indicator of grapevine water status. Annals of Botany, 87(4), 477-483. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  20. Christensen, L.P., Beede, R.H. & Peacock, W.L. (2006). Fall foliar sprays prevent boron-deficiency symptoms in grapes. California Agriculture, 60(2), 100-103. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  21. Considine, J.A. & Kriedemann, P.E. (1972). Fruit splitting in grapes: determination of the critical turgor pressure. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 23(1), 17-23. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  22. Daane, K.M. & Johnson, M.W. (2010). Olive fruit fly: managing an ancient pest in modern times. Annual Review of Entomology, 55, 151-169. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  23. Daane, K.M. et al. (2012). Biology and Management of Mealybugs in Vineyards. In: Arthropod Management in Vineyards, Springer. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  24. Dag, A., Bustan, A., Avni, A., Tzipori, I., Lavee, S. & Riov, J. (2010). Timing of fruit removal affects concurrent vegetative growth and subsequent return bloom and yield in olive (Olea europaea L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 123(4), 469-472. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  25. De Melo-Abreu, J.P. et al. (2004). Modelling olive flowering date using chilling for dormancy release and thermal time. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 125, 117-127. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  26. Denney, J.O., McEachern, G.R. & Griffiths, J.F. (1985). Modeling the thermal adaptability of the olive in Texas. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 35, 309-327. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  27. Di Biase, R., Calabritto, M., Mininni, A.N., Montanaro, G. & Dichio, B. (2025). Microtensiometer-based trunk water potential as a plant water status indicator in kiwifruit under different soil water availability. Irrigation Science 43(4):937-954. ✓
    Cited in: kiwifruit
  28. Drechsler, K., Fulton, A. & Kisekka, I. (2022). Crop coefficients and water use of young almond orchards. Irrigation Science, 40, 379-395. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  29. Erel, R., Yermiyahu, U., Yasuor, H., Ben-Gal, A., Zipori, I. & Dag, A. (2023). Elevated fruit nitrogen impairs oil biosynthesis in olive. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  30. Fallahi, E., Neilsen, D., Neilsen, G.H., Fallahi, B. & Shafii, B. (2010). Efficient irrigation for optimum fruit quality and yield in apples. HortScience, 45(11), 1616-1625. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  31. Fernandes-Silva, A.A. et al. (2018). Deficit Irrigation in Mediterranean Fruit Trees and Grapevines: Water Stress Indicators and Crop Responses. In Irrigation in Agroecosystems, InTech. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  32. Fernández, J.E. (2014). Understanding olive adaptation to abiotic stresses as a tool to increase crop performance. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 103, 158-179. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  33. Flasco, M.T. et al. (2025). A decade of grapevine red blotch disease epidemiology reveals zonal roguing as novel management. npj Viruses, 3, 29. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  34. Gadoury, D.M. et al. (2003). Ontogenic resistance to powdery mildew in grape berries. Phytopathology, 93, 547-555. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  35. Gambetta, J.M. et al. (2021). Sunburn in Grapes: A Review. Frontiers in Plant Science. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  36. Girón, I.F., Corell, M., Martín-Palomo, M.J., Galindo, A., Torrecillas, A., Moreno, F. & Moriana, A. (2015). Feasibility of trunk diameter fluctuations in the scheduling of regulated deficit irrigation for table olive trees without reference trees. Agricultural Water Management, 161, 114-126. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  37. Goldhamer, D.A. (1999). Regulated deficit irrigation for California canning olives. Acta Horticulturae, 474, 369-372. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  38. Goldhamer, D.A. & Fereres, E. (2017). Establishing an almond water production function for California using long-term yield response to variable irrigation. Irrigation Science, 35, 169-179. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  39. Goldhamer, D.A. & Viveros, M. (2000). Effects of preharvest irrigation cutoff durations and postharvest water deprivation on almond tree performance. Irrigation Science, 19, 125-131. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  40. Goldhamer, D.A., Viveros, M. & Salinas, M. (2006). Regulated deficit irrigation in almonds: effects of variations in applied water and stress timing on yield and yield components. Irrigation Science, 24, 101-114. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  41. Gonzalez Nieto, L., Huber, A., Gao, R., Casagrande Biasuz, E., Cheng, L., Stroock, A.D., Lakso, A.N. & Robinson, T.L. (2023). Trunk Water Potential Measured with Microtensiometers for Managing Water Stress in 'Gala' Apple Trees. Plants, 12(9), 1912. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  42. Gouot, J.C. et al. (2019). Grape berry flavonoids: a review of their biochemical responses to high and extreme high temperatures. J. Experimental Botany, 70(2), 397-423. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  43. Grattan, S.R. et al. (2006). Olive oil production as influenced by different quantities of applied water. Agricultural Water Management, 85(1-2), 133-140. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  44. Gucci, R. & Caruso, G. (2011). Environmental stresses and sustainable olive growing. Acta Horticulturae, 924, 19-30. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  45. Hartmann, H.T. (1953). Effect of winter chilling on fruitfulness and vegetative growth in the olive. Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 62, 184-190. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  46. Higbee, B.S. & Burks, C.S. (2021). Individual and Additive Effects of Insecticide and Mating Disruption in Integrated Management of Navel Orangeworm in Almonds. Insects, 12(2), 188. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  47. Holzapfel, B.P., Smith, J.P., Field, S.K. & Hardie, W.J. (2010). Dynamics of Carbohydrate Reserves in Cultivated Grapevines. Horticultural Reviews, 37, 143-211. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  48. Iniesta, F., Testi, L., Orgaz, F. & Villalobos, F.J. (2009). The effects of regulated and sustained deficit irrigation on the water use, growth and yield of olive trees. European Journal of Agronomy, 30(4), 258-265. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  49. Jha, P.K. & Pathak, T.B. (2024). Seasonal climate forecasts show skill in predicting winter chill. Comms. Earth Environ., 5, 485. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  50. Johnson, M.W. et al. (2011). High temperature affects olive fruit fly populations in California. California Agriculture, 65(1), 29-33. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  51. Judd, M.J., McAneney, K.J. & Wilson, K.S. (1989). Influence of water stress on kiwifruit growth. Irrigation Science, 10(4), 303-311. ✓
    Cited in: kiwifruit
  52. Kennedy, J.A. et al. (2002). Effect of maturity and vine water status on grape skin and wine flavonoids. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 53(4), 268-274. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  53. Kennison, K.R., Wilkinson, K.L., Williams, H.G., Smith, J.H. & Gibberd, M.R. (2007). Smoke-derived taint in wine: effect of postharvest smoke exposure of grapes on the chemical composition and sensory characteristics of wine. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(26), 10897-10901. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  54. Kliewer, W.M. & Dokoozlian, N.K. (2005). Leaf area/crop weight ratios of grapevines: Influence on fruit composition and wine quality. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 56(2), 170-181. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  55. Koubouris, G.C., Metzidakis, I.T. & Vasilakakis, M.D. (2009). Impact of temperature on olive pollen performance in relation to relative humidity and genotype. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 67(1), 209-214. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  56. Lampinen, B.D., Shackel, K.A., Southwick, S.M. & Olson, B. (2001). Deficit irrigation strategies using midday stem water potential in prune. Irrigation Science, 20, 47-54. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  57. Lampinen, B.D., Shackel, K.A., Southwick, S.M., Olson, B. & Yeager, J.T. (1995). Sensitivity of yield and fruit quality of French prune to water deprivation at different fruit growth stages. JASHS, 120(2), 139-147. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  58. Lavee, S. (2015). Alternate bearing in olive initiated by abiotic induction leading to biotic responses. Advances in Horticultural Science, 29(4), 213-219. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  59. Li, D., Xie, X., Liu, X., Cheng, C., Guo, W., Zhong, C. & Atak, A. (2022). Effects of Short-Term High Temperature on Gas Exchange in Kiwifruits (Actinidia spp.). Biology, 11(11), 1686. ✓
    Cited in: kiwifruit
  60. Lodolini, E.M., Polverigiani, S., Ali, S., Mutawea, M., Qutub, M., Pierini, F. & Neri, D. (2016). Effect of complementary irrigation on yield components and alternate bearing of a traditional olive orchard in semi-arid conditions. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 14(2), e1203. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  61. Luedeling, E. & Brown, P.H. (2011). A global analysis of the comparability of winter chill models for fruit and nut trees. International Journal of Biometeorology, 55(3), 411-421. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  62. Luedeling, E., Zhang, M. & Girvetz, E.H. (2009). Climatic changes lead to declining winter chill for fruit and nut trees in California during 1950-2099. PLoS ONE, 4(7), e6166. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  63. Maas, E.V. & Hoffman, G.J. (1977). Crop salt tolerance — current assessment. Journal of the Irrigation and Drainage Division, ASCE, 103(2), 115-134. ✓
    Cited in: almond, apple, olive, grapevine
  64. Martinez-Luscher, J. et al. (2020). Mitigating heat wave and exposure damage to Cabernet Sauvignon wine grape. Frontiers in Plant Science. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  65. Matthews, M.A. & Anderson, M.M. (1988). Fruit ripening in Vitis vinifera L.: responses to seasonal water deficits. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 39(4), 313-320. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  66. McAneney, K.J., Judd, M.J. & Trought, M. (1984). Wind damage to kiwifruit in relation to windbreak performance. NZ J. Agric. Res. 27(2). ✓
    Cited in: kiwifruit
  67. McCutchan, H. & Shackel, K.A. (1992). Stem-water potential as a sensitive indicator of water stress in prune trees. JASHS, 117(4), 607-611. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  68. Michailides, T.J. & Morgan, D.P. (1997). Influence of fruit-to-fruit contact on the susceptibility of French prune to infection by Monilinia fructicola. Plant Disease, 81, 1416-1424. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  69. Moral, J. et al. (2017). Identification of fungal species associated with branch dieback of olive and resistance of table cultivars to Neofusicoccum mediterraneum and Botryosphaeria dothidea. Plant Disease, 101(2), 306-316. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  70. Morales-Sillero, A. et al. (2021). Calcium applications throughout fruit development enhance olive quality, oil yield, and antioxidant compounds’ content. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 101(5), 1944-1952. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  71. Mori, K. et al. (2007). Loss of anthocyanins in red-wine grape under high temperature. J. Experimental Botany, 58(8), 1935-1945. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  72. Moriana, A. et al. (2012). Midday stem water potential as a useful tool for estimating irrigation requirements in olive trees. Agricultural Water Management, 112, 43-54. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  73. Moriana, A., Corell, M., Girón, I.F., Conejero, W., Morales, D., Torrecillas, A. & Moreno, F. (2013). Regulated deficit irrigation based on threshold values of trunk diameter fluctuation indicators in table olive trees. Scientia Horticulturae, 164, 102-111. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  74. Moriana, A., Orgaz, F., Pastor, M. & Fereres, E. (2003). Yield responses of a mature olive orchard to water deficits. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 128(3), 425-431. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  75. Mpelasoka, B.S., Behboudian, M.H., Dixon, J., Neal, S.M. & Caspari, H.W. (2000). Improvement of fruit quality and storage potential of Braeburn apple through deficit irrigation. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 75(5), 615-621. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  76. Nair, N.G. & Allen, R.N. (1993). Infection of grape flowers and berries by Botrytis cinerea as a function of time and temperature. Mycological Research, 97(8), 1012-1014. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  77. Namkung, K.-B. & Yun, S.C. (2023). Improvement of Fire Blight Blossom Infection Control Using Maryblyt in Korean Apple Orchards. The Plant Pathology Journal, 39(5), 504-512. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  78. Naor, A., Klein, I. & Doron, I. (1995). Stem water potential and apple size. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 120(4), 577-582. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  79. Naor, A., Klein, I., Doron, I., Gal, Y., Ben-David, Z. & Bravdo, B. (1997). The effect of irrigation and crop load on stem water potential and apple fruit size. Journal of Horticultural Science, 72(5), 765-771. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  80. Naor, A., Naschitz, S., Peres, M. & Gal, Y. (2008). Responses of apple fruit size to tree water status and crop load. Tree Physiology, 28(8), 1255-1261. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  81. Ojeda, H. et al. (2001). Influence of water deficits on grape berry growth. Vitis, 40(3), 141-145. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  82. Olson, W., Uriu, K., Carlson, R., Krueger, W. & Pearson, J. (1987). Correcting potassium deficiency in prune trees is profitable. California Agriculture, 41(5-6), 20-21. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  83. Orgaz, F., Testi, L., Villalobos, F.J. & Fereres, E. (2006). Water requirements of olive orchards — II. Determination of crop coefficients for irrigation scheduling. Irrigation Science, 24, 77-84. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  84. Orozco, J., Lauterman, F., Sperling, O., Paz-Kagan, T. & Zwieniecki, M.A. (2024). Losing ground: projections of climate-driven bloom shifts and their implications for the future of the almond industry in California. Scientific Reports, 14, 636. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  85. Parchomchuk, P. & Meheriuk, M. (1996). Orchard cooling with pulsed overtree irrigation to prevent solar injury and improve fruit quality of Jonagold apples. HortScience, 31(5), 802-804. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  86. Pathak, T.B., Maskey, M.L. & Rijal, J.P. (2021). Impact of climate change on navel orangeworm, a major pest of tree nuts in California. Science of the Total Environment, 755, 142657. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  87. Poni, S. et al. (2006). Effects of early defoliation on shoot photosynthesis, yield components, and grape composition. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 57(4), 397-407. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  88. Proebsting, E.L. & Mills, H.H. (1978). Low temperature resistance of developing flower buds of six deciduous fruit species. JASHS, 103(2), 192-198. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  89. Reid, M. & Kalcsits, L. (2020). Water deficit timing affects physiological drought response, fruit size, and bitter pit development for 'Honeycrisp' apple. Plants, 9(7), 874. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  90. Ribeiro, A.C. et al. (2006). Apple orchard frost protection with wind machine operation. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 141(2-4), 71-81. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  91. Roby, G. et al. (2004). Berry size and vine water deficits as factors in winegrape composition: Anthocyanins and tannins. Aust. J. Grape Wine Res., 10, 100-107. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  92. Rogiers, S.Y. et al. (2012). Stomatal response of an anisohydric grapevine cultivar to evaporative demand, available soil moisture and abscisic acid. Tree Physiology, 32(3), 249-261. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  93. Rogiers, S.Y., Coetzee, Z.A., Walker, R.R., Deloire, A. & Tyerman, S.D. (2017). Potassium in the Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) Berry: Transport and Function. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 1629. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  94. Santos-Rufo, A. & Rodríguez-Jurado, D. (2021). Unravelling the relationships among Verticillium wilt, irrigation, and susceptible and tolerant olive cultivars. Plant Pathology, 70. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  95. Servili, M. et al. (2007). Irrigation effects on quality, phenolic composition, and selected volatiles of virgin olive oils. J. Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(16), 6609-6618. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  96. Shackel, K.A. (2011). A plant-based approach to deficit irrigation in trees and vines. HortScience, 46(2), 173-177. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  97. Shane, M.W. & Lambers, H. (2005). Cluster roots: a curiosity in context — Proteaceae phosphorus sensitivity / toxicity. Plant and Soil 274:101-125. ✓
    Cited in: macadamia
  98. Smit, T.G., Taylor, N.J. & Midgley, S.J.E. (2020). The seasonal regulation of gas exchange and water relations of field-grown macadamia. Scientia Horticulturae 267. ✓
    Cited in: macadamia
  99. Sperling, O. et al. (2025). Integration of seasonal rainfall and irrigation into a water management plan for almond orchards. Agric. Water Manage., 319, 109743. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  100. Stavrinides, M.C. et al. (2010). Plant Water Stress, Leaf Temperature, and Spider Mite (Acari: Tetranychidae) Outbreaks in California Vineyards. Environ. Entomology, 39(4), 1232-1241. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  101. Stephenson, R.A., Gallagher, E.C. & Doogan, V.J. (2003). Macadamia responses to mild water stress at different phenological stages. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 54(1):67-75. ✓
    Cited in: macadamia
  102. Stewart, W.L., Fulton, A.E., Krueger, W.H., Lampinen, B.D. & Shackel, K.A. (2011). Regulated deficit irrigation reduces water use of almonds without affecting yield. California Agriculture, 65(2), 90-95. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  103. Tan, B.Z., Close, D.C., Quin, P.R. & Swarts, N.D. (2021). Nitrogen Use Efficiency, Allocation, and Remobilization in Apple Trees: Uptake Is Optimized With Pre-harvest N Supply. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12, 657070. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  104. Teviotdale, B.L., Goldhamer, D.A. & Viveros, M. (2001). Effects of deficit irrigation on hull rot disease of almond trees caused by Monilinia fructicola and Rhizopus stolonifer. Plant Disease, 85(4), 399-403. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  105. Tombesi, S. et al. (2010). Fruit development in almond is influenced by early spring temperatures in California. J. Hort. Sci. Biotech., 85(4), 317-322. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  106. Van Leeuwen, C. & Destrac-Irvine, A. (2017). Modified grape composition under climate change conditions requires adaptations in the vineyard. OENO One, 51(2), 147-154. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  107. Van Leeuwen, C. et al. (2009). Vine water status is a key factor in grape ripening and vintage quality for red Bordeaux wine. J. Int. Sci. Vigne Vin, 43(3), 121-134. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  108. Vossen, P.M. (2007). Olive oil: history, production, and characteristics of the world's classic oils. HortScience, 42(5), 1093-1100. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  109. Wan Zaliha, W.S. & Singh, Z. (2010). Impact of regulated deficit irrigation on fruit quality and postharvest storage performance of 'Cripps Pink' apple. Acta Horticulturae, 877, 155-162. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  110. Wenter, A., Andreotti, C., Zanotelli, D. & Keller, M. (2025). Alleviating Water Stress at Veraison May Trigger Berry Shrivel Disorder in Susceptible Grapevines. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 76(1), 0760010. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  111. Wilcox, W.F. & Mircetich, S.M. (1985). Effects of flooding duration on the development of Phytophthora root and crown rots of cherry. Phytopathology, 75, 1451-1455. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  112. Williams, L.E. & Baeza, P. (2007). Relationships among ambient temperature and vapor pressure deficit and leaf and stem water potentials of fully irrigated, field-grown grapevines. Am. J. Enol. Vitic., 58(2), 173-181. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  113. Wilson, H. et al. (2020). Biology and Management of Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in California. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, 11(1), 25. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  114. Wilson, H., Daane, K.M., Maccaro, J.P., Scheibner, R.S., Britt, K.E. & Gaudin, A.C.M. (2022). Winter Cover Crops Reduce Spring Emergence and Egg Deposition of Overwintering Navel Orangeworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Almonds. Environmental Entomology, 51(4), 790-797. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  115. Zhao, T. et al. (2017). The Differentiation of Chilling Requirements of Kiwifruit Cultivars Related to Ploidy Variation. HortScience, 52(12), 1676-1679. ✓
    Cited in: kiwifruit

University & extension guidance (178)

  1. Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. & Smith, M. (1998). Crop evapotranspiration — Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. ✓
    Cited in: almond, apple, olive, prune, grapevine, kiwifruit
  2. Ayers, R.S. & Westcot, D.W. (1985). Water quality for agriculture. FAO Irrigation & Drainage Paper 29 (Rev 1). ✓
    Cited in: almond, apple
  3. Ballard, J.K., Proebsting, E.L. & Tukey, R.B. (1981, rev. 1998). Critical Temperatures for Blossom Buds — Apples. WSU Cooperative Extension Bulletin EB0913. ✓
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  4. Buchner, R.P. (ed., 2012). Prune Production Manual. UC ANR Publication 3507. ✓
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  5. California OEHHA. Indicators of Climate Change in California — Winter Chill. ✓
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  6. CDFA FREP. Almond Nitrogen Uptake and Partitioning. ✓
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  7. CDFA FREP. California Fertilization Guidelines — Almonds. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  8. CDFA FREP. California Fertilization Guidelines — Grapevines. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  9. CDFA FREP. California Fertilization Guidelines — Olives. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  10. CDFA FREP. California Fertilization Guidelines — Prune and Plum. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  11. CDFA FREP. Grapevine Nitrogen Uptake & Partitioning. ✓
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  12. CDFA/APHIS. Navel Orangeworm Sterile Insect Technique Program (2025). ✓
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  13. Cornell Cooperative Extension ENYCHP (2025). Managing Honeycrisp Nutrition. ✓
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  14. Cornell Jentsch Lab. Bloom: Preserving the King. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  15. Cornell Jentsch Lab. Effective Pollination — The Next Three to Five Days. ✓
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  16. Cornell NEWA. Apple Scab Model. ✓
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  17. Cornell NYS IPM. Apple Maggot - Rhagoletis pomonella (fact sheet). ✓
    Cited in: apple
  18. EPPO Datasheet: Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) — kiwifruit bacterial canker. Rain/humidity/irrigation/frost-driven; longer canopy wetness raises infection risk. ✓
    Cited in: kiwifruit
  19. FAO. Annex 1: Crop Salt Tolerance Data. ✓
    Cited in: almond, olive
  20. Fulton, A. Advanced SWP Interpretation in Prune. Sacramento Valley Orchards, UC Cooperative Extension. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  21. Fulton, A., Buchner, R. & Niederholzer, F. (2015). Drought Tip: Drought Strategies for California Prune Production. UC ANR Publication 8520. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  22. Fulton, A., Grant, J., Buchner, R. & Connell, J. (2014). Using the Pressure Chamber for Irrigation Management in Walnut, Almond and Prune. UC ANR Publication 8503. ✓
    Cited in: almond, prune
  23. Grattan, S.R. (UC Davis). Water Quality Guidelines for Trees and Vines. UC Drought Tip 92-19. ✓
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  24. Gubler, W.D. et al. (1999). Control of Powdery Mildew Using the UC Davis Powdery Mildew Risk Index. ✓
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  25. Hanak, E. et al. (2023). Managing Water and Farmland Transitions in the San Joaquin Valley. PPIC. ✓
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  27. Lightle, D. (2019). Bee Hours and Almond Pollination. Sacramento Valley Orchards. ✓
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  28. Milliron, L., Niederholzer, F. et al. (2021). Pre- and Post-Harvest Irrigation Management in Prune. Sacramento Valley Orchards. ✓
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  29. Milliron, L., Pierce, C. & Niederholzer, F. (2025). Prune Orchard Pre- and Post-Harvest Irrigation Management. Sacramento Valley Orchards. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  30. Montana State WARC. Apple Irrigation. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  31. MSU Extension. A perfect apple harvest season for watercore. ✓
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  32. MSU Extension. Comprehensive Honeycrisp Harvest and Storage Recommendations. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  33. MSU Extension. Critical Spring Temperatures for Tree Fruit Bud Development Stages. ✓
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  34. MSU Extension. How Cold Can Grapes Go? — Spring frost critical temperatures. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  35. MSU Extension. Managing mites in apples. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  36. NC State Extension. Spring Frost Control — NC Winegrape Grower's Guide, Ch. 11. ✓
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  37. Norton, M.V. & Krueger, W.H. (2007). Growing Prunes (Dried Plums) in California: An Overview. UC ANR Publication 8264. ✓
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  38. Penn State Extension. Apple PGRs — Prevention of Pre-harvest Drop. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  39. Penn State Extension. Frost, Critical Temperatures, and Frost Protection. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  40. Penn State Extension. Fruit Harvest — Determining Apple Fruit Maturity and Optimal Harvest Date. ✓
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  41. Penn State Extension. Sooty Blotch and Flyspeck of Apples in the Home Fruit Planting. ✓
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  42. Penn State Extension. Understanding and Preventing Spring Frost and Freeze Damage to Grapes. ✓
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  43. Pierce, C. Determining When to Start Irrigation in Prune. Sacramento Valley Orchards. ✓
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  44. Prichard, T.L. (2012). Winegrape Irrigation Scheduling Using Deficit Irrigation Techniques. UC Cooperative Extension. ✓
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  45. Queensland Department of Primary Industries. Macadamia pest fact sheets (macadamia nutborer, fruit-spotting bug). ✓
    Cited in: macadamia
  46. Sacramento Valley Orchards (2024). Rootstock Options for Your Next Prune Orchard. ✓
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  47. Sacramento Valley Orchards (adapted from Connell, J.H., 2011). Frost Protection for Almonds. ✓
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  48. Sacramento Valley Orchards (adapted from Niederholzer, F. & DeBuse, C., Sacramento Valley Prune News 2011/2015). Heat at Bloom. ✓
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  49. Sacramento Valley Orchards (UC Cooperative Extension). Advanced SWP Interpretation in Almond. ✓
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  50. Sacramento Valley Orchards (UC Cooperative Extension). Ant Management in Almonds. ✓
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  51. Sacramento Valley Orchards (UC Cooperative Extension). Hull Split Hull Rot Management — Alkaline Options. ✓
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  52. Sacramento Valley Orchards (UC Cooperative Extension). Maintaining Quality with Pick Up & Stockpiling. ✓
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  53. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Almond Hull Rot — Cultural and Chemical Management. ✓
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  54. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Almond Varieties (Cultivars). ✓
    Cited in: almond
  55. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Aphid Management in Prune. ✓
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  56. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Approaches to Spider Mite Management in Almonds. ✓
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  57. Sacramento Valley Orchards. For a Healthy Orchard Next Spring, Follow Through on Late Season Irrigation. ✓
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  58. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Good Pressure Chamber Field Measurement Technique. ✓
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  59. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Hull Split 2025 Considerations. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  60. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Hull Tights Caused by Water Stress. ✓
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  61. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Irrigation Management hub - weekly CIMIS-based ET reports for the Sacramento Valley. ✓
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  62. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Irrigation Season Considerations for Prune. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  63. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Late-Season Irrigation Management in Prune. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  64. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Potassium Management for Sustained Almond Yields. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  65. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Potassium Management Options in Prunes. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  66. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Three Steps to Combat Cytospora Canker. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  67. Sacramento Valley Orchards. Timing Almond Harvest in 2024. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  68. Sacramento Valley Orchards. When to Harvest Prunes. ✓
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  69. Schmidt, T. (2018). Apple Sunburn 101. WSU Tree Fruit (archived). ✓
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  70. Sibbett, G.S. & Ferguson, L. (eds.) (2005). Olive Production Manual (2nd ed.). UC ANR Publication 3353. ✓
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  71. SJV Trees & Vines. Fall and Winter Irrigation Management. ✓
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  72. SJV Trees & Vines. Regulated Deficit Irrigation in Almonds to Manage Hull Rot. ✓
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  73. SJV Trees & Vines. Salt Leaching in Orchards and Vineyards. ✓
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  74. Smith, T.J. (WSU) & Drake, S. (USDA ARS). Late-Summer / Early-Fall Nitrogen Applications to Apple. WSU Chelan-Douglas Extension (archived). ✓
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  75. Snyder, R.L. & de Melo-Abreu, J.P. (2005). Frost Protection: Fundamentals, Practice and Economics, Volume 1 — Chapter 4, Frost Damage: Physiology and Critical Temperatures. FAO. ✓
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  80. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Alkaline Treatments Have Been Shown to Reduce Hull Rot. ✓
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  81. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Almond Frost Sensitivity. ✓
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  82. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Bloom Time Diseases and Control. ✓
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  83. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Brown Rot: A Disease Problem During Bloom. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  84. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Chill Portions for California Crops. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  85. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Cover Crop Research Review: How Can It Help Almonds? ✓
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  86. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Fall Foliar Nutrients: Zinc and Boron Review. ✓
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  87. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Hull Split Part 2: Hull Rot of Almond. ✓
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  88. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Independence Almond: Some Observations. ✓
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  89. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Irrigation Scheduling Part 1: Calculating Orchard Water Use. ✓
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  90. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Late Fall K Soil Applications. ✓
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  91. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Peach Twig Borer and May Spray Timing. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  92. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Phytophthora: An Update. ✓
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  93. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Postharvest Water Management. ✓
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  94. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Regulated Deficit Irrigation Application. ✓
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  95. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Shaking Almond Trees: When to Start. ✓
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  96. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Shot Hole Fungus on Almond. ✓
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  97. The Almond Doctor (D. Doll). Soil Salinity and Leaching for Almonds. ✓
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  98. UC ANR Publication 8515 — Drought Management for California Almonds. ✓
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  99. UC ANR Small Farms Network — Kiwifruit / Kiwifruit Production in California (Beutel). CA calendar, frost, chill, and irrigation-water quality limits (Cl<70, Na<50, B<0.25 ppm, ECw<0.75 dS/m). ✓
    Cited in: kiwifruit
  100. UC ANR. Pre-bloom Foliar Boron Application in Olive. ✓
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  101. UC Davis Cost Studies (2023). Sample Costs to Produce Apples for Processing — Central Coast. ✓
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  102. UC Davis Cost Study (2024). Sample Costs to Establish and Produce Almonds — Sacramento Valley. ✓
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  103. UC Davis Cost Study (2024). Sample Costs to Establish and Produce Almonds — SJV North. ✓
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  104. UC Davis Dept. of Viticulture & Enology. Wildfire and Smoke Exposure Resources. ✓
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  105. UC Davis Fruit & Nut Research Center. About Chilling Hours, Units, and Portions. ✓
    Cited in: almond, apple, prune
  106. UC Davis Land Air Water Resources. Managing Irrigation in Fruit and Nut Trees During Drought. ✓
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  107. UC Davis Olive Center. Olive production resources and variety information. ✓
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  108. UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Kiwifruit — Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot (UC ANR Pub 3449; Adaskaveg, Michailides, Gubler). Raised berms; irrigation sets ≤6 h; drain between sets. ✓
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  109. UC IPM Phenology Model Database: Navel Orangeworm. ✓
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  110. UC IPM Phenology Model Database: Peach Twig Borer. Zalom et al. (1992), Rice et al. (1982). ✓
    Cited in: almond
  111. UC IPM. Ants — Almond Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
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  112. UC IPM. Apple Scab — Apple Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
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  113. UC IPM. Bacterial Canker — Almond Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
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  114. UC IPM. Bacterial Canker — Prune Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
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  115. UC IPM. Black Scale — Olive Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  116. UC IPM. Botryosphaeria Dieback — Grape Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  117. UC IPM. Botrytis Bunch Rot — Grape Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  118. UC IPM. Brown Rot Blossom Blight — Almond Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  119. UC IPM. Brown Rot on Fruit - Prune Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  120. UC IPM. Ceratocystis Canker — Almond Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
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  121. UC IPM. Codling Moth — Apple Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  122. UC IPM. Cytospora Canker — Prune Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  123. UC IPM. Degree-Day Table for Navel Orangeworm. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  124. UC IPM. European Red Mite — Apple Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  125. UC IPM. Eutypa Dieback — Grape Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  126. UC IPM. Fire Blight — Apple Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  127. UC IPM. Hull Rot — Almond Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  128. UC IPM. Integrated Weed Management — Prune Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  129. UC IPM. Leaf Curl Plum Aphid — Prune Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  130. UC IPM. Mealy Plum Aphid — Prune Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  131. UC IPM. Navel Orangeworm — Almond Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  132. UC IPM. Olive Fruit Fly — Olive Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  133. UC IPM. Olive Knot — Olive Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  134. UC IPM. Olive Psyllid — Olive Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  135. UC IPM. Peach Twig Borer — Almond Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  136. UC IPM. Peach Twig Borer — Prune Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  137. UC IPM. Peach Twig Borer in the Dormant Spur Sample — Almond Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  138. UC IPM. Peacock Spot — Olive Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  139. UC IPM. Pest Management Guidelines: Grape. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  140. UC IPM. Phomopsis Cane and Leafspot — Grape Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  141. UC IPM. Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot — Almond Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  142. UC IPM. Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot — Apple Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  143. UC IPM. Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot — Olive Pest Management Guidelines. UC ANR Publication 3452. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  144. UC IPM. Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot — Prune Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  145. UC IPM. Pierce's Disease — Grape Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  146. UC IPM. Powdery Mildew — Grape Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  147. UC IPM. Rust (Tranzschelia discolor) — Prune Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  148. UC IPM. San Jose Scale — Prune Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: prune
  149. UC IPM. Shot Hole — Almond Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  150. UC IPM. Verticillium Wilt — Olive Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: olive
  151. UC IPM. Vine Mealybug — Grape Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  152. UC IPM. Webspinning Spider Mites — Almond Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  153. UC IPM. Webspinning Spider Mites — Grape Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  154. UC IPM. Webspinning Spider Mites — Prune Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
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  155. UC IPM. Woolly Apple Aphid — Apple Pest Management Guidelines. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  156. UCCE Kern County. Zinc in Almonds. ✓
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  157. UMass Amherst Apple IPM. Mites: European Red Mite & Two-Spotted Spider Mite. ✓
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  158. UMass Extension. F-119R: Foliar Calcium Sprays for Apples. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  159. UMass Extension. Thinning Apples Chemically (HRT fact sheet). ✓
    Cited in: apple
  160. University of Maryland Extension. Managing Apple Growing Conditions to Prevent Fruit Cracking. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  161. USDA Climate Hubs. Climate Vulnerabilities of California Specialty Crops. ✓
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  162. USDA-ARS. Overtree Evaporative Cooling System Design. ✓
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  163. Virginia Tech Tree Fruit Horticulture Updates (2023). Sprinklers for Frost Protection — What You Need to Know Before Turning Them On. ✓
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  164. Vossen, P.M. Fertilizing Olive Trees. UC ANR. ✓
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  165. Williams, L.E. Deficit irrigation of wine grape vineyards. UC ANR. ✓
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  166. Wisconsin Fruit Extension (2022). Apple Tree Nutrition: Bitter Pit Control. ✓
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  167. WSU Crop Protection Guide. Apple Sunburn - Fruit Surface Temperature Thresholds. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  168. WSU Crop Protection Guide. Bioregulator Sprays - Apogee/Kudos (Prohexadione-Calcium) for Apple. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  169. WSU Tree Fruit. Apple Pollination. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  170. WSU Tree Fruit. Apple Powdery Mildew. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  171. WSU Tree Fruit. Boron. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  172. WSU Tree Fruit. Cougar Blight Fire Blight Risk Model. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  173. WSU Tree Fruit. Cross-compatibility of Apple Cultivars and Pollinizers. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  174. WSU Tree Fruit. Determining your irrigation schedule. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  175. WSU Tree Fruit. Fall Nutrient Sprays in Tree Fruit. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  176. WSU Tree Fruit. Harvest Apples. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  177. WSU Tree Fruit. Leaf Tissue Analysis. ✓
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  178. WSU Tree Fruit. Zinc. ✓
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Industry & agency resources (31)

  1. Almond Board of California (2018, updated 2020). Moisture Management is Critical - Shaking to Stockpiles. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  2. Almond Board of California (2019, updated 2020). Successful Hullsplit Requires Thoughtful Irrigation, Nutrient Management. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  3. Almond Board of California (2021). Cover Crop Best Management Practices. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  4. Almond Board of California. Irrigation Calculator & Irrigation Improvement Continuum. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  5. Almond Board of California. Managing Navel Orangeworm During First, Second Flight. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  6. Almond Board of California. Stockpile Management Best Practices — Grower Guide. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  7. APAL (Apple and Pear Australia Limited). Post-Harvest Nutrient Management. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  8. California Prunes (California Prune Board). Grower resources - Orchard Notes newsletter (UCCE-authored technical articles). ✓
    Cited in: prune
  9. Cheng, L. (2013). Optimizing Nitrogen and Potassium Management to Foster Apple Tree Growth and Cropping Without Getting Burned. NYSHS / NY Fruit Quarterly. ✓
    Cited in: apple
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    Cited in: apple
  11. Coatney, K. (2025). Act Now to Protect Almond Harvest from Ant Damage. West Coast Nut. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  12. Good Fruit Grower. Calcium sprays for bitter pit should start at petal fall. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  13. Good Fruit Grower. Stress for Success with Honeycrisp. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  14. Hort Innovation. Macadamia industry benchmarking and industry sustainability insights 2022-2027 (project MC22000). ✓
    Cited in: macadamia
  15. Kalcsits, L. et al. (WTFRC). Sunburn and fruit acclimation in apple — Final Project Report. ✓
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  16. Lakso, A.N. & Goffinet, M.C. (2013). Apple Fruit Growth. New York Fruit Quarterly, 21(1), 11-14. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  17. Lodi Growers. Erratic Budbreak and Variable Shoot Emergence. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  18. Niederholzer, F. (2020). Prune Fruit Cracking. California Prunes Orchard Notes, May 2020. ✓
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  19. Prichard, T., Smith, R. & Verdegaal, P. (UCCE). Regulated Deficit Irrigation Management for Winegrapes (hosted by Vineyard Team). ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  20. Progressive Crop Consultant (2019). Iron Deficiency in Fruit and Nut Crops in California. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  21. Robinson, T. & Lakso, A. (2011). Advances in Predicting Chemical Thinner Response of Apple Using a Carbon Balance Model. New York Fruit Quarterly, 19(1), 15-20. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  22. Robinson, T., Hoying, S., Iungerman, K. & Kviklys, D. (2010). ReTain Combined with NAA Controls Pre-Harvest Drop of McIntosh Apples Better Than Either Chemical Alone. New York Fruit Quarterly, 18(3). ✓
    Cited in: apple
  23. SAMAC (Macadamias South Africa) Phenology Calendar (2024). ✓
    Cited in: macadamia
  24. SAMAC Information Hub - South African macadamia cultivation guidance (water needs, flowering-window irrigation demand, heat thresholds). ✓
    Cited in: macadamia
  25. Shackel, K.A. (UC Davis). Delayed irrigation-start trials, Tehama Co. almond (begun 2020) and Patterson walnut. Reported in West Coast Nut, Jan 2021. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  26. West Coast Nut (2019). Almond Post-Harvest Irrigation. ✓
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  27. West Coast Nut (2020). Almond Flower, Foliar, and Fruit Diseases and Their Management. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  28. West Coast Nut (2021). What Growers Have Learned About Growing Self-Fertile Almonds. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  29. West Coast Nut (2022). Scouting for Ants — 'The Silent Yield Robbers'. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  30. West Coast Nut (2024). Get Ahead of Irrigation Before a Heatwave Hits. ✓
    Cited in: almond, prune
  31. West Coast Nut (2025). Sterile Moths in Battle Against Destructive Pest. ✓
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Vendor documentation (11)

  1. Advanced Viticulture. Micronutrients — You Should Sweat the Small Stuff. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  2. Advanced Viticulture. Season of Nutrition — Vineyard Nutrient Management. ✓
    Cited in: grapevine
  3. BeeHero (2024). The Impact of Adverse Weather in Almond Pollination (2023 bloom). ✓
    Cited in: almond
  4. Brandt. Pre-bloom Application of Zinc and Boron on Almonds. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  5. Dave Wilson Nursery. Apple variety chill hours and harvest dates. ✓
    Cited in: apple
  6. Dave Wilson Nursery. Commercial almond variety information (bloom/harvest timing relative to Nonpareil; almond-wide chill ~350-500 hours). ✓
    Cited in: almond
  7. eVineyard. Evaluating Grapevine Winter Chilling Requirements.
    Cited in: grapevine
  8. Phytech. AlmondBeat #3 (2025): Managing Stress During Nut Fill. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  9. Rivulis. The Importance of VPD in Crop Performance. ✓
    Cited in: almond, apple, prune
  10. Semios. Comparing Degree Day Tracking Sources for Navel Orangeworm Generation Flight Prediction. ✓
    Cited in: almond
  11. Semios. How Post-Harvest Irrigation Affects Almond Yield. ✓
    Cited in: almond